Poetry and The Library

DUKES FANS: Last week’s newsletter contained a poem about Spring by e.e. cummings that I absolutely love. Some of you were moved by that too; I got a number of responses to that newsletter that featured quotes from other cummings poems or bits from other poems and poets. Those responses reminded me of the power and beauty of poetry and reminded me of a newsletter I had written way back in 2016. Poetry and the Library Americans love observances. We have special days and months to celebrate everything from the divine to the historical to the esoteric to the downright silly. There is Black History Month, Women's History Month, Take Sons and Daughters to Work Day, Senior Citizens Day, Tartan Day, Wear Red Day, Pretzel Day, Apple Day, and too many religious holidays and observances to mention. In fact, the word holiday itself is derived from “holy day’-days set aside by various religions for special rituals and practices. And due to our wonderful diversity, the United States is simply awash in special days and times, April is among my favorite months for these special times because April is National Poetry Month, and it also features National Librarians Day and National Library Week. These three observances recognize things that have been and are very important and wondrous to me; words, knowledge, curiosity, creativity, and helpfulness. Together these have all played a vital role in my life and in me becoming the person I am. I am grateful that these three things have been a part of my life for quite a while. I do not know exactly how I got into poetry. Yes, there were all the rhymes we used to say as kids and the poems we had to memorize in elementary school. But I think that reading “Childcraft’, the literary and educational set of books my mother got for us that went along with the World Book Encyclopedia, was where poetry really settled into me. “The Highwayman” by Alfred Noyes with its magical and evocative, “The moon was a ghostly galleon tossed upon cloudy seas”, and its rhythmic and exciting, “The Highwayman came ridin’; the highway man came ridin’; up to the old inn door” just caught me. I remember lines from that poem today, over a half century later. That set of books also had memorable poems by Edgar Allan Poe and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow that sometimes sent me to the dictionary to find out what some of the words meant, thus enlarging my vocabulary and furthering my sense of wonder at all the things words could mean and do. I am still fascinated by the uses, subtleties, meanings and origins of words. And I trace it back to those early experiences. I am also a child of the 60’s, and in the energy of the Civil Rights Movement I discovered the works of earlier Black poets such as Langston Hughes, Fenton Johnson, and Gwendolyn Brooks and new ones such as Le Roi Jones, Lucille Clifton, and Ishmael Reed. Through that I saw how poems could touch on both the eternal and metaphorical as well as the here and now. It was also a time of great cultural change in the whole of US society, and the anthology, The New American Poetry and friends of mine such as Steve A. and Dave F. introduced me to great wordsmiths such as William Carlos Williams, Charles Olson, Ed Dorn, and my all time favorite poet, Kenneth Patchen. Popular songs by artists such as Bob Dylan and Smokey Robinson and Simon and Garfunkel has similes and metaphors and allusions. Poetic works were all around, and my love for poetry was fed and took off. Even now I browse books of poetry in book stores and subscribe to the Poetry Foundation’s daily e-mail service. ( Poetry Foundation ) It is a life long love story that will only end when I do. Librarians helped with that and so much more in my life. When I had read a poem that interested me, I could ask a librarian where I could find more works by that poet or by poets who wrote in the same way. And I had the same experience whether I was researching a historical question, looking for something about music, following up some odd, weird idea, looking for how to copyright a song, or any of the thousands of things I asked librarians about over the years. Libraries and librarians have always been there for me, willing and able to help. Libraries themselves have been so many things to me; places to gain refuge from the outside world, a source to unlock new knowledge, a place to answer questions and feed my insatiable curiosity, or in the case of some of the turn of the 20th century ones, places to go to be amazed at the architecture. It still amazes me that we have public free libraries and have had them for such a long time. I used to do some classes on US law and life for foreign students and professionals. Some of them were from developing or recently independent countries, and the openness and ease of access of our libraries was one thing that always intrigued and amazed them. Public schools have them. Just about every neighborhood has them. Colleges and universities have them. And they are open to anyone at all. That was definitely not their experience, and they marveled at it. I got my first library card to take home and hold onto when I was in second grade. I have had one ever since then; well over half a century. The 3 public libraries in West Philadelphia were places where I spent tons of time regularly, and as I got older the main library at 19th and the Parkway became a haven. I could find books on things I was curious about and take them home with me-for free! I could listen to music I could not afford to buy repeatedly. For free! I could ask for help with a vexing research question or process and receive one on one help. For free! It is both wondrous and ordinary; we rarely think about how special it actually is. I was a high school and middle school teacher for almost 40 years, and I always had the good fortune to work with excellent librarians. I have long said to my students that if there is a heaven, I may not get in, but librarians are automatically guaranteed entrance. They go through all of that college training and professional development work, not for themselves, but just so they can help other people. Repeatedly. And for free. Wow. That is simply incredible. Libraries are in tough financial times now. School districts, cities, and towns have been cutting funding for them even as the needs for the many services they provide have been increasing. They have also become targets of politicians and special interest groups that want to limit our thinking and our looking. I encourage people to donate whatever they can to their local public library; they are an indispensable part of the intellectual infrastructure of this country, and they represent us at our best. Think about all of the students, perhaps even you, who learned to do research, finished a school project and/or had their curiosity sparked by a librarian or at a library. Think of all of the immigrants who learned and are learning about being in this country through library programs over the decades. Think of all the parents for whom libraries are safe and free after school programs. April is a great time to remember what libraries and librarians do for all of us and focus on what we can do for them. National Library Week, April 6-12, and National Library Worker’s Day, April 8, offer us a chance to reflect on the vital role these workers and these institutions play. As the historian Barbara Tuckman said, “Nothing saddens me more than the closed and locked door of a library.” That is so true. (To see a great film about what libraries do on any given day go to http://nymag.com/daily/intelligencer/2014/05/libraries-now-new-york-video.html

ee cummings and spring

DUKES FANS: In Just – Spring in Just- spring when the world is mud- luscious the little lame balloonman whistles far and wee and eddieandbill come running from marbles and piracies and it's spring when the world is puddle-wonderful the queer old balloonman whistles far and wee and bettyandisbel come dancing from hop-scotch and jump-rope and it's spring and the goat-footed balloonMan whistles far and wee ee cummings I was having coffee with a good friend of mine Monday, and we were enjoying the real spring-feel weather, and sitting outside the coffee shop and enjoying a day that really felt like spring. He mentioned the above poem by ee cummings, and I realized I had not read any cummings in quite some time. It is spring, magnolias and cheery trees are popping, and April is National Poetry Month. Enjoy (For more on ee cummings, go to https://poets.org/poem/spring-perhaps-hand

George Carlin's Thoughts On The United States

DUKES FANS: One of the things I love about doing these newsletters is the responses and conversations some of them lead to from Dukes fans from various places. This week’s newsletter features a piece by one of my favorite comedians and social observers, George Carlin. It was sent to me by Kim, a longtime Dukes fan. Thanks, Kim, for allowing me to send this out to everyone on the mailing list. A Message by George Carlin. The paradox of our time in history is that we have taller buildings but shorter tempers, wider Freeways , but narrower viewpoints. We spend more, but have less, we buy more, but enjoy less. We have bigger houses, smaller families and more conveniences, but less time. We have more degrees but less sense, more knowledge, but less judgment, more experts, yet more problems, more medicine, but less wellness. We drink too much, smoke too much, spend too recklessly, laugh too little, drive too fast, get too angry, stay up too late, get up too tired, read too little, watch TV too much, and pray too seldom. We have multiplied our possessions, but reduced our values. We talk too much, love too seldom, and hate too often. We've learned how to make a living, but not a life. We've added years to life not life to years. We've been all the way to the moon and back, but have trouble crossing the street to meet a new neighbor. We conquered outer space but not inner space. We've done larger things, but not better things. We've cleaned up the air, but polluted the soul. We've conquered the atom, but not our prejudice. We write more, but learn less. We plan more, but accomplish less. We've learned to rush, but not to wait. We build more computers to hold more information, to produce more copies than ever, but we communicate less and less. These are the times of fast foods and slow digestion, big men and small character, steep profits and shallow relationships.. These are the days of two incomes but more divorce, fancier houses, but broken homes. These are days of quick trips, disposable diapers, throwaway morality, one night stands, overweight bodies, and pills that do everything from cheer, to quiet, to kill. It is a time when there is much in the showroom window and nothing in the stockroom. A time when technology can bring this letter to you, and a time when you can choose either to share this insight, or to just hit delete... Remember; spend some time with your loved ones, because they are not going to be around forever. Remember, say a kind word to someone who looks up to you in awe, because that little person soon will grow up and leave your side. Remember, to give a warm hug to the one next to you, because that is the only treasure you can give with your heart and it doesn't cost a cent. Remember, to say, 'I love you' to your partner and your loved ones, but most of all mean it. A kiss and an embrace will mend hurt when it comes from deep inside of you. Remember to hold hands and cherish the moment, for someday that person will not be there again. Give time to love, give time to speak! And give time to share the precious thoughts in your mind. AND ALWAYS REMEMBER: Life is not measured by the number of breaths we take, but by the moments that take our breath away. If you don't send this to at least 8 people....Who cares? George Carlin (Apologies for the length-I think)

Morning Lights

DUKES FANS: “Come see me early in the morning...” numerous blues songs I am an early riser. I like to get up between 5 and 6 and often walk north up towards Chestnut Hill. I love the quiet of that time, and I am a lover of winter night skies-intense and dramatic as they are. That combination of waking early and walking in the presence of the winter night sky regularly bring me quiet joy and comfort. I love watching the slow change in the locations of the constellations over the course of a winter. I love watching the moon cycle through each of its phases. Both of these celestial happenings seem so much starker and definite in winter. They are quiet bits of joy that often get my day off to a fabulous start. Watching the day come into being earlier and earlier as winter goes on is also fascinating. I notice the way shadows shift, the way light is reflected off rooftops and grass, and on some mornings I get to see this wonderful eerie rolling fog move over some of the larger expanses of lawns and streams in Mt Airy and Chestnut Hill. This last week in February that starts to change a bit, and I have to adjust. It is lighter when I arise now, and the sky at 5:30 is not quite as dark and dramatic as it was a week or so ago. The constellations are not as bright, and the light of the new day is visible earlier. It is a different sky now, and we are relentlessly transitioning from one season to the next. Part of me misses the old winter night sky; I almost go through a brief mourning period. Then I notice that at around 6: 30, if I am looking southeast, I can see the sun as a bright reddish-orange disk above the housetops and the day seems to just rush into being, And if I am out for a nice long walk like I was this morning, I can watch that sun gradually become more and more visible and seemingly rise above us. This, too, is a glorious way to start the day. So while I like the story of Punxsutawney Phil and know that its origins are with Candlemas Day and the hedgehogs in Germany during the Roman era, it is the changes in light that most alerts me to the fact that hat we are entering that next phase of the cycle of seasons. It lets me know exactly where we are in that cycle; it is undeniable. And when I am out noticing the light, I also get to look at the lawns and I notice the snowdrops and pansies as they make their first appearance of the year. I also get to be aware of more bird activity as species that have been around all winter get more active, and some new ones are starting to be heard. And watching the different colors and aspects of sunrise is a joy to behold. Yes, I still miss the winter night sky, and I probably will for a while. But I also welcome this new sky, the one that tells me this marvelous cycle is still in play and that it has different joys and wonders for me if I pay attention. And that is very good, indeed

Brrrrr!!!

DUKES FANS: “We’re having a heat wave; a tropical heatwave..” Irving Berlin OK, Folks. This is it. We are officially past the middle of February, and I am officially tired of winter. Done with it! Over it! Tired of it! Yes, I still love that in this region we get all four seasons. Yes, I still love the bright and dramatic winter night skies. Yes, I can still love walking in the morning and seeing the moon still in the sky as sunrise begins. And yes, I can still love the beauty and eerie stillness and quiet right after a snowfall. But they have just about worn out their welcome this year. I am so getting over them! It was 16 degrees yet again this morning, and I was thoroughly layered and bundled up again as I walked to the bus stop to freeze yet again as I waited for the route 23. I am tired of winter. Of course, we in this region of the country have been fortunate (or Spoiled) for the last several years. Our winters have been fairly mild for the past 5 or six years. We have had the obligatory two snowfalls or so each year, but none seemed to be over 6 inches. And there were time gaps in between when they arrived. We have had cold, but rarely multiple or weekly cold spells where 33 degrees felt like a heat wave. And the wind has been ferocious, intense and constant this year. It cuts though you, no matter how many layers you have on. It chills to the bone. This has been a “real” winter. When I first started teaching in the 1970’s, I taught at an alternative public school-Alternative East. My second or third year there the faculty was complaining about winter as we headed into President’s Day. We had had several snowstorms, and we were exhausted. Gisha Berkowitz, the head of the school, had the brilliant idea to work all of the Federal Monday holidays except for President’s Day, and then combine them into a week off from school; a mid-winter break. What a wonderful idea! I loved it, and I still think it is a great idea, There are a few school districts that do have a mid-winter break now, but it is not common. I know I need one now. Yes; Punxsutawney Phil said 6 more weeks of winter weather. And yes, we are definitely having that. And I am still missing that mid-winter break and am still officially tired of winter. Bah Humbug! DUKES GIGS: 1)Saturday, March 1; Steel City, 203 Bridge Street, Phoenixville PA 19460: 7:30PM:tickets $20 adv; $25 door;$26 reserved seating; https://www.steelcityphx.com/product/dukes-of-destiny/280 The Dukes are happy to start our 2025 schedule with a return to Steel City Coffeehouse and Brewery, a wonderful venue in Phoenixville. We are so happy to be back in this town. We have played the Phoenixville Blues Fest several times and also headlined Steel City several times, and we love this town. It is a great walkable little town with arts and craft shops, a great vinyl record store, and wonderful places to grab a cup of coffee and snack. And it has Steel City: an intimate place, with great seating, a great sound system, a wonderful staff, delicious snacks and food, craft brews, and a great vibe. All of that and The Dukes nest weekend. If you have seen us here before, you know how much we love this place and how much fun it is. Come on out and welcome us back. $29 adv; $25 door;$26 reserved https://www.steelcityphx.com/concerts-and-events 2) Saturday, March 15; Kennett Flash 102 Sycamore Alley, Kennett Square, PA,$25:Doors 7PM-Show 8PM We are back at another one of our favorite places in one of our favorite towns. We love Kennett Square, its sense of history, the incredible food places, and the wonderful, friendly people. And we love the Flash-intimate, great sound, friendly waitstaff, and space to dance. Come out a little early, get a great dinner at one of the outstanding restaurants, and finish up with snacks, beverages, and dancing at The Flash (BYOB fee-$5) https://kennettflash.org/event/the-dukes-of-destiny-4/kennett-flash/kennett-square-pennsylvania/ JOHNNY NEVER AND JOHN COLGAN-DAVIS GIGS; guitar & harmonica acoustic blues duo; https://johnnynever.com 1)Saturday, March 8; Letty’s Tavern; 201 State Street, Kennett Square PA 19348;7-10PM https://www.lettystavern.com 2) Friday, March 14; Triple Sun Distillery, 126 South State Street Newtown, PA 18940; 8-11PM We have two gigs coming up in March at two of our regular and favorite places. Letty’s is a great restaurant in the lovely town of Kennett Square, and it features great food, a wonderful vibe, and a great workstaff. It is fun to play here. Triple Sun is in the gorgeous quiet town of Newtown, PA, and it is a wonderful room with craft spirits, Cajun and French inspired food, and gorgeous views of the night sky as you walk down State Street to the door and look up. Come catch us at either or both of these places; you will be glad you did. The Sunday Blues Jam at Jamey’s House of Music; 32 S. Landsdowne, Ave; Landsdowne, PA; jamey@jameyshouseofmusic.com Blues lovers and players have made Jamey's Sunday Blues Jam the place for great blues jamming, inexpensive and tasty eats, craft brews on tap, fresh brewed coffee, a great waitstaff, and friendly people who love the blues.  Each Sunday features an hour long set by a different house band, and then there is an open jam until 3PM. This month the jam features The Philly Blues Kings with various guitarists and singers. The 2nd Sunday of each month features The Roger Girke-John Colgan-Davis Project as the house band, and our next gig is Sunday, March 9. Got an instrument? Sing? Just want to listen to some exciting blues and have some good food? Come on out and take part in this great blues jam with great food and liquid refreshments. (Don’t want to receive any more of these e-mails? Simply reply with “Unsubscribe “in the Subject Line)

The Eagles and St Valentine's Day

DUKES FANS: As everyone in the civilized world knows by now, the Philadelphia Eagles won the 2025 Super Bowl and are champions of the National Football Legue. Sunday’s game was a dominating win-a “thrashing” a friend of mine called it-over the reigning Super Bowl champions Kansas City Chiefs. The Chiefs had won the last two Super Bowls and were looking to become the first team to win three Super Bowls in a row, something which has never been done in the 59 year history of the game. And going into 2026, it still hasn’t. I have been an Eagles fan since my childhood, and I thoroughly enjoyed the game. I loved the way the defense dominated from the first Chiefs’ possession. They totally shut down and bottled up the Chiefs. Yes, I love running backs and quarterbacks and wide receivers, of course. But I also have fond memories of Eagles’ defenses led by Reggie White, Jerome Brown, Seth Joyner, Brian Dawkins and the 1999-2007 defenses coached by Jim Johnson. It felt like I was watching those defenses again. I also loved the back-stories in the game. Chiefs coach, Andy Reid, had coached the Eagles and took them to the Bowl in 2005, where they lost to the New England Patriots. Carson Wentz, backup quarterback for the Chiefs, had been a starting quarterback for the Eagles several years ago. It was a good day for irony. One of the things reporters and TV commentators repeatedly mentioned was that the parade and celebration for the team from “The City of Brotherly Love’ was happening this Friday-Valentine’s Day. That got me thinking about a piece I had done on that holiday last year. Here is part of it: Valentine's Day and the Human Need for Story and Symbol “We are humans, and that means we are symbol making beings. And symbols can move us as much as or more than mere facts" Anonymous history teacher “Symbols are the imaginative signposts of life.” Margot Asquith “In most cases, a good story connected to a strong symbol will last much longer and have more effect than any collection of mere facts.” Mac George Bundy, advisor to Presidents Kennedy and Johnson This week we celebrate Valentine’s Day, a day dedicated to the ideas of true and romantic love. As in any culturally significant observance there are rites, behaviors, and symbols that mark the occasion. We are expected to tell people we care about that we love them, to give cards called “valentines” to people we care for, and ideally to play special music, to have special romantic meals, and to spend “romantic times” with someone. Cartoon hearts are seen everywhere, and the day is supposed to be all about the expression of love and togetherness. Of course, we live in a capitalistic and highly commercialized civilization, so there is always an economic interest linked to any such cultural observance. Americans spend more money on Valentine’s Day than on any other single holiday except Christmas. According to the website, Business Pundit, we spent over $ 25.9 billion dollars on the holiday in 2023, more than on Father’s and Mother’s Day combined. The cards, the dinners, the chocolate, and the flowers all add up. But to have reached that economic point, Valentine’s Day had to first be accepted as an important cultural idea. It needed to be embraced by us. And like any other strong cultural occasion, that means this day must be wrapped in story and symbol. The most accepted story about Valentine’s Day traces its origins to a Roman priest by the name of Valentine. In the late third century ACE the Roman emperor, Claudiu, was engaged in a series of unpopular and costly military campaigns, and he was having a hard time getting men to join the Roman armies. Claudius believed that Roman men were unwilling to join the army because of their strong attachment to their wives and families, so he summarily banned all marriages and engagements in Rome. Valentine defied Claudius and continued to perform marriages for young lovers in secret. When what Valentine was doing was discovered, Claudius had him beheaded on February 14, probably in the year 278 A.C.E. He was later made a saint, became a martyr for the Catholic Church, and became associated with romantic love and marriage. Supposedly he wrote notes to people while in prison, signing them, “From your Valentine.” Thus was a story and a tradition born. Historians know that there really was a St. Valentine. But historians also know that there were at least three saints who were named Valentine. The Catholic Encyclopedia lists three martyrs with that name, and all are connected to a date in February. While that may seem strange to us, it is really not that surprising. Valentine, meaning, “having valor, righteousness, and strength,” was not that uncommon a name for Roman boys at the time. Just as happens now, parents then often gave children names that meant something: an ideal or hope. Historians also know that at that time there was a big February celebration in Rome called the Feast of Lupercalia. It was a pre-Roman pastoral festival dedicated to health, cleansing, renewal, and fertility. As a part of the occasion, the names of single Roman women were put into a box. Single men randomly picked a name out of the box and they were then allowed to romance the woman whose name they had drawn. When Christianity became the state religion of Rome many of these ancient Roman festivals were outlawed and/or converted into Christian fetes. In 496 ACE Pope Gelasius decided to put an end to the Feast of Lupercalia; he declared that February 14 would thereafter be celebrated as St Valentine’s Day, giving the day of his martyrdom a new meaning. People were to exchange simple gifts with loved ones such as grain, messages and flowers. The story of Saint Valentine sacrificing his life for love became a widespread and popular one, and he and the date of February 14 became forever associated with gift giving in the name of romance and love. Eventually the story of Valentine’s devotion to true love became joined to the one thing all great stories need: a symbol. The heart has been important as a symbol since the time of the ancient Egyptians. They saw it as the most important organ of the body. This was the place in the body where wisdom, emotions, personality and more were all joined. They also believed that it was an important vehicle through which gods spoke to humans. Yes, they knew about the chambers of the heart and that blood circulated through the heart; they actually performed surgery that removed the heart. But the circulation of blood was not the most important job of the heart to them; its supposed link to all things emotional and intellectual was. Greek and Roman cultures drew heavily from Egypt, so the heart became important to them as well. It was associated with emotions such as love, and by the 5th century BCE symbols on coins and in writings depicted the heart looking somewhat as it does on our Valentine’s Day cards, like a fat rounded” V” with two joined curves at the top. Some historians say that particular shape was chosen because it looked like the seed pod of a plant called silphium, a plant used as a medicine and as a contraceptive in the ancient world. Others say it came about as an attempt by early graphic designers to represent what the heart looked like in early medical texts. Regardless, by the time of the Renaissance that shape had become a symbol of love throughout Europe. And as Europeans went to other continents, they took their symbols with them. That heart shape eventually became associated with love in most parts of the world. This shape now abounds on all those valentine cards, in the design of boxes of chocolate, in TV commercials, and all over just about anything connected with love. The story had found its symbol, and the two would be forever linked. A great story, a great symbol, and now a great tradition.

The Meaning and Importance of Black History

DUKES FANS: As the issues of diversity and inclusion have been in the national news recently, I thought I would reprint a piece I did several years ago about Black History Month We should emphasize not Negro History, but the Negro IN history. What we need is not a history of selected races or nations, but the history of the world, void of national bias, race, hate, and religious prejudice. Carter G. Woodson, founder of Black History Month When Carter Woodson helped found Negro History Week in 1926, he had already accomplished quite a lot. The son of former slaves, he had graduated from Berea College in KY in 1903, earned a Master’s Degree in History from the University of Chicago, and a Ph.D in history from Harvard, becoming the second African-American to do so. W.E.B. DuBois was the first, but Woodson is the only offspring of former slaves to receive a PhD in history from an American institution. He founded the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History in 1915 and their publication, The Journal of Negro History, to support and encourage research into the history, culture and accomplishments of Negroes, as we were then called. He was particularly interested in educating young Blacks about their history. "If a race has no history, if it has no worthwhile tradition, it becomes a negligible factor in the thought of the world, and it stands in danger of being exterminated," Woodson wrote in "The Mis-Education of the Negro." He sponsored research, worked with other historians, conducted interviews with hundreds of Black about their personal and family histories, and more. He was not the only one; the twentieth century ushered in intense interest in documenting Black life. The celebration of the 50th Anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1915 brought thousands of people to the Chicago Coliseum to see exhibits and displays on Black life. Out of that Woodson got Black schools, churches, organizations, and newspapers to include ways of getting information about Black history to people. Negro History Week caught on, went across the country, and eventually moved into the regular school curriculum of more and more public elementary schools. When I was in elementary school in the 1950’s we had Negro History Week observances at Dunlap Elementary School. Of course, these observances had become mostly about famous Black people who had accomplished things, and not Woodson’s desired look at the Negro IN history. But while I overdosed on George Washington Carver and Phillis Wheatley in school, I had Ebony and Jet magazines and the Philadelphia Tribune newspaper at home, Black owned and Black themed publications, that had listened to Woodson and provided that wider view. Things have changed over the decades, of course. The organization Woodson founded is now called The Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH), we are now not called, “Negroes,” and there is now a Federally recognized “Black History Month” instead of just a week. There has been much more scholastic and scientific published research, many more books and films, many more newspaper and magazine, articles and more. There are even numerous Black life centered museums and official Black Heritage sites across the country, including museums looking at Black WWII fighter pilots, Black firefighters, cowboys and pioneers, a Great Blacks in Wax museum, and much, much, more. There are also webpages turning up interesting and previously hidden or unknown aspects of how Blacks have been a part of this culture. This is particularly relevant now in the wake of all that is happening in 2025. It became clear that there is a lot Americans do not know, see or recognize about Black life, and in some cases, there has been a conscious effort to hide and/or erase information about African-American’s roles in parts of this country's history. There needs to be a more conscious and continual effort to change that. Over the past months web -searching and friends e-mailing me have brought to my attention some wonderful new information and insights my way, and it is wonderful as my understanding and knowledge continues to grow. History is never stale and “finished.” It always fascinating, often changing and evolving. I invite you to spend some time doing some investigation of places, web sites, museum sites, and more to see what you can find about aspects of Black life with which you are/were unfamiliar or unaware. I invite us all to go to make this a month more in line with Woodson’s goal of discovering, exploring, and looking at who we as Americans are in as broad a sense as possible. We all have a lot we can continually learn. There are plenty of places to explore, both within the Philadelphia region and nationwide. Surprises and new learnings await, sometimes painful, sometimes wonderful and amazing, and sometimes simply fun. Let’s make this Black History Month a month of wonder and discovery. Thanks. Websites: African-American Museumin Philadelphia https://www.aampmuseum.org List of African-American Centered Museums Nationwide: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_museums_focused_on_African_Americans The Philadelphia Tribune Newspaper: https://www.phillytrib.com The Association for the Study of African American life and History: https://asalh.org/ The African-American Firefighter Museum www.aaffmuseum.org Black in Walden: Black Walden Came First. Thoreau, After. Black Seminoles made their mark on Texas history